《植物生理学报》 2011, 47(2): 160-166

‘ 红露珍’ 山茶花花器官上气孔的动态变化与花瓣展开的关系

杨颖, 王永飞*

暨南大学生物工程学系, 广州510632

通信作者：王永飞；E-mail: wyfmsm@163.com；Tel: 020-38897606

摘　要：

本试验以 ‘ 红露珍 ’ 山茶为实验材料, 分别研究了蕾期(I)、花瓣露出(II)、花冠微展(III)、花冠完全展开(IV)和落地花 冠(V)等 5 个阶段花瓣和雄蕊等部位气孔的分布特点及其动态变化。结果发现, 花瓣基部的上下表皮、雄蕊管的内外表皮 均有气孔分布。在每个阶段, 花瓣基部上表皮的气孔器长度极显著大于下表皮的气孔器长度(P<0.01)。当山茶花冠微展时, 下表皮的气孔开度为(2.5±0.3) μm, 而当花冠展开时, 下表皮的气孔开度却为(0.9±0.3) μm; 上表皮的气孔开度在整个发育过 程中未发生显著性的改变, 其平均开度为(4.3±0.3) μm。在每个阶段, 花瓣下表皮的表皮细胞密度大于上表皮的表皮细胞 密度。雄蕊管内外表皮上的气孔在各阶段均维持较大的气孔开度。气孔的不均等分布、气孔开度的变化、表皮细胞的差 速生长都可能与花瓣的展开有关。

关键词：‘红露珍’山茶; 气孔器; 雄蕊管; 发育阶段; 花瓣展开

收稿：2010-09-06   修定：2010-10-19

The Relationship between the Dynamic Changes of Stomata on Floral Organs and the Opening of Flowers in Camellia japonica L. cv. ‘Hongluzhen’

YANG Ying, WANG Yong-Fei*

Department of Biotechnology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China

Corresponding author: WANG Yong-Fei; E-mail: wyfmsm@163.com; Tel: 020-38897606

Abstract:

The distribution and dynamic changes of stomata on the epidermis of Camellia japonica L. cv. ‘hongluzhen’ petals and stamens in bud stage (I), petal emerge (II), slight opening (III), full opening (IV) and fallen flowers (V) were studied. The results showed that stomata were distributed on stamens and the base of petals. The length of stomata on upper surface of petals were significantly greater than that on the lower surface (P<0.01) in every developmental stage. Stomatal pore width was (2.5±0.3) μm and (0.9±0.3) μm at slight opening stage and full opening stage, respectively. No significantly differences was detected in the stomatal pore width on the inner surface of petals with an average value of (4.3±0.3) μm during the whole developmental process. The epidermal cell density on the lower surface of petals was higher than that on the upper surface. Stomata with larger pore width were presented on both the inner and outer surface of staminal tubes. The nonuniformed distribution of stomata, changes of stomatal pore width and different growing speeds of epidermal cells all might be involve the opening of flowers.

Key words: Camellia japonica L. cv. ‘Hongluzhen’; stomatal complex; staminal tube; developmental stage; the opening of flowers